Everything about Roasting Metallurgy totally explained
Roasting is a metallurgical process involving gas-solids reactions at elevated temperatures. A common example is the process in which
sulfide ores are converted to
oxides, prior to
smelting. Roasting differs from
calcination, which merely involves decomposition at elevated temperatures. A typical sulfide roasting chemical reaction takes the following form:
» MS
n + 1.5
nO
2 → MO
n +
nSO
2.
For example:
» CuS + 1.5
O2 →
CuO +
SO2
and
» 2ZnS + 3O
2 → 2ZnO + 2SO
2
The gaseous product of sulfide roasting,
sulfur dioxide (SO
2) is often used to produce
sulfuric acid. (See
Sulfuric acid#Manufacture.)
Up until the early
20th century, roasting was started by burning
wood on top of ore. This would raise the
temperature of the ore to the point where its
sulfur content would become its source of
fuel, and the roasting process could continue without external fuel sources. Early sulfide roasting, was practiced in this manner, in "open hearth" roasters, which were manually stirred (a practice referred to as "rabbling") using rake-like tools to exposed unroasted ore to oxygen as the reaction proceeded.
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